Urban HIV incidence as a function of socioeconomic and demographic metrics of 80 U.S. cities in 1990.

Low (Q1) and high (Q4) quartiles for each metric are shown, with their 1988–1992 HIV incidence averages. HIV association factor is the ratio between HIV incidences for Q4 and Q1, or, for starred metrics (*), Q1:Q4* (for easier comparison where a smaller metric value theoretically predicts greater risk). When the p value is significant (p†Internally comparable, but not comparable to 2000 Gini; income brackets in 1990 Census were different.