中国北方退耕还林工程建设效益评价研究

针对目前退耕还林存在的一些问题，结合现有的研究基础，本研究以北方退耕还林9个典型县为例，根据其地理位置、自然生态环境的特点和社会发展水平状况，以区域可持续发展理论为指导，从恢复生态学、土壤化学角度出发，采用遥感影像宏观监测与地面调查微观监测相结合、自然环境因子调查与社会经济因子调查相结合的方法，对退耕还林工程进行效益监测与评价的研究。全面研究了退耕还林区土地利用与植被覆盖变化格局分析，分析了土地利用／植被覆盖状况、土地利用／植被覆盖类型转化、土地利用／植被覆盖景观格局及驱动力等：系统研究了退耕还林区土壤与植物群落特征，主要是退耕还林对土壤物理、化学性质以及水分等方面的影响，以及了研究物种多样性、多样性指数间的关系、群落结构等：研究了退耕还林区水文效应与土壤侵蚀研究，主要对不同退耕还林地生物截留量和土壤渗透性、退耕还林前后土壤侵蚀量的变化等分析：研究得出了退耕还林区林业碳汇能力与潜力。通过退耕还林工程对区域生态经济社会可持续发展影响研究，提出了退耕还林等对生态、经济、社会的影响以及其三者的作用机制，确立可持续循环发展模式，探究退耕还林工程可持续发展中的制约因素，提出评价指标体系，力求为启续产业发展、产业结构优化和工程管理水平的提高提供科学手段。首次较为系统的构建了退耕还林工程效益评价指标与评价方法以及退耕还林工程综合效益评价技术体系。 本研究为国家退耕还林工程建设提供了有力的技术支撑和技术指导，对该工程的规划和进一步的实施起到了良好的参考作用，为国家今后更好的实施大面积的规划工作提供了依据。本研究提出了跨区域多尺度、多层次、多目标的退耕还林效益评价体系，研究提出应用的基于“3S”技术、试验调查和数学统计模型等手段，从大、中、小尺度进行退耕还林工程效益监测评价技术具有创新性。完成的基于大尺度的植被动态变化与气候、土地利用等耦合关系及驱动力分析和基于中、小尺度退耕还林工程的生态、经济和社会3个方面的效益监测评价成果显著。完成的退耕还林工程水源涵养、土壤保持、固碳制氧等效益和贡献率的定量分析成果，填补了北方退耕还林地区生态、经济和社会效益综合评价的空白，解决了我国重大林业生态工程效益评价相关研究领域的关键问题，为我国宏观决策和国际谈判等提供重要的基础数据和科学支持，具有国际领先水平，具有很广的应用前景和理论学术价值。

To address the existing issues in the current Grain for Green Project (GGP) and build on existing research foundations, this study takes 9 typical counties of the GGP in northern China as research subjects. Guided by regional sustainable development theory, from the perspectives of restoration ecology and soil chemistry, and based on their geographical locations, characteristics of natural ecological environment and social development levels, this study adopts a combined approach of macro-monitoring via remote sensing imagery and micro-monitoring via field surveys, as well as surveys of natural environmental factors and socio-economic factors, to conduct benefit monitoring and evaluation of the GGP.

This study comprehensively analyzes the patterns of land use and vegetation cover changes in GGP implementation areas, including their current land use/vegetation cover status, type conversion of land use/vegetation cover, landscape patterns of land use/vegetation cover and their driving forces. It systematically investigates the characteristics of soil and plant communities in these areas, focusing on the impacts of GGP on soil physical and chemical properties, soil moisture and other factors, as well as the relationships between species diversity and diversity indices, and community structure. Additionally, it examines hydrological effects and soil erosion in GGP areas, specifically analyzing the biological interception capacity and soil permeability of different afforested lands after the GGP, and changes in soil erosion before and after the implementation of the project. Finally, it quantifies the forestry carbon sequestration capacity and potential of GGP implementation areas.

By studying the impacts of the GGP on regional eco-economic-social sustainable development, this study proposes the ecological, economic and social impacts of the GGP and the interaction mechanism among the three, establishes a sustainable circular development model, explores the restricting factors in the sustainable development of the GGP, and puts forward an evaluation index system, aiming to provide scientific support for subsequent industrial development, industrial structure optimization and improvement of project management levels.

This study is the first to systematically construct the benefit evaluation indices and methods for the GGP, as well as the technical system for comprehensive benefit evaluation of the project.

This research provides strong technical support and guidance for the construction of the national GGP, plays a good reference role in the planning and further implementation of the project, and provides a basis for the country to better carry out large-scale planning work in the future.

This study proposes a cross-regional, multi-scale, multi-level and multi-objective benefit evaluation system for the GGP. The technical means for monitoring and evaluating the GGP benefits at large, medium and small scales, which is based on 3S technologies, experimental surveys and mathematical statistical models, is innovative.

The achievements of the coupling relationship and driving force analysis between large-scale vegetation dynamic changes and climate, land use and other factors, as well as the benefit monitoring and evaluation of the GGP at medium and small scales from the ecological, economic and social dimensions, are remarkable.

The quantitative analysis results of the benefits such as water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen production of the GGP and their contribution rates fill the gap in the comprehensive evaluation of ecological, economic and social benefits in northern GGP implementation areas, and solve the key problems in the research field of benefit evaluation of major forestry ecological engineering in China. It provides important basic data and scientific support for China's macro decision-making and international negotiations, reaches an internationally leading level, and has broad application prospects and theoretical and academic values.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是关于中国北方退耕还林工程建设效益评价的研究，聚焦于9个典型县，采用遥感与地面调查相结合的方法，系统评估了工程对土地利用、植被覆盖、土壤性质、水文效应和碳汇能力的影响。研究构建了跨区域多尺度的效益评价技术体系，填补了北方地区生态经济社会综合评价的空白，为林业生态工程决策提供了科学依据。数据以文本格式呈现，源于2013年的调查，具有较高的学术和应用价值。