Homo sapiens Genome sequencing

Few molecular studies showed that the bacterial species in implant-associated infection may had been underestimated. To determine the actual microbial diversity in implant-associated infection, high-throughput sequencing method was adopted to sequence the DNAs extracted from the tissues of infected and uninfected patients. The principal component analysis (PCA) and ß diversity showed an obvious departure between infected and uninfected group, and the overgrowth of Proteobacteria (80.87%), Firmicutes (13.41%) in positive deep infection group (P.d, via biopsy) and Proteobacteria (91.68%) in positive surface infection group (P.s, via swabs) might be the causative factors of implant-associated infection. Moreover, the Venn results indicated that a mean of 330 common OTUs were obtained in all groups, of which 113, 109, 45, 20, 13 and 12 OUTs belonging to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi were identified. In conclusion, many traditional "pathogenic bacteria" were identified as the common bacteria in operation sites, and the disruption of their complex interaction caused the infection, thus future work was need to illustrate the etiology of implant-associated infection using in-depth systems-level analyses.