Prolonged air leak (PAL), defined as air leak more than 5 days after lung resection, has been associated with various adverse outcomes. However, studies on intraoperative risk factors for PAL are not
Eighty male patients, aged 20-79 years, scheduled for elective fusion spine surgery at least two levels were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg/h)
