Supporting data for: The setup and relaxation of spring upwelling in a deep, rotationally influenced lake

Supporting data for the manuscript "The setup and relaxation of
spring upwelling in a deep, rotationally influenced lake" accepted
for publication in Limnology and Oceanography in
November 2020. The data herein were collected at Lake Tahoe, CA/NV, USA in
May-June, 2018 as part of a collaboration between the UC Davis Tahoe
Environmental Research Center, the UC Davis Bodega Marine Lab, and the
Stanford Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. The goal of this data
collection effort was to characterize the dynamics associated with spring
upwelling at the upwind shore (west/southwest) of Lake Tahoe. Supporting
Data Files: Roberts_et_al_2020_DeploymentMap.png - deployment map,
reference to UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx  
UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx - log of mooring locations, deployment times,
and instrumentation/instrument setup. Note that not all instrumentation
shown in this log is included in the shared data. Datasets collected
during the experiment but not used in the manuscript are not shared in
this repository.    UPWELL_Thermistor_MetersBelowP.xlsx
- reference file of the spacing of thermistors from the associated
pressure sensor.  General Data: Sensor data are included as
compressed .7z sets of folders. Data are organized into sub-folders to
delineate processing levels (raw data and data at each procesing level are
included). Since Dryad does not allow for folder structures, the folder
sets were compressed for posting. Archived .7z files can be decompressed
using software openly available at 7-zip.org.  ADCP.7z - folders
of acoustic doppler current meter data. See README_ADCP.txt within the
folder structure for details on processing at each level.
See UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx for additional detail. 
Pressure.7z - folders of pressure sensor data. See README_P.txt within the
folder structure for details on processing at each level.
See UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx for additional detail.
Temperature.7z - folders of temperature sensor data. See README_T.txt
within the folder structure for details on processing at each level.
See UPWELL_DeploymentLog.xlsx for additional detail. Note: Data
at higher processing levels are generally provided as .mat files; more
broadly accessible .txt or .csv data are provided at lower processing
levels. However, ADCP data are provided only as raw and .mat files because
of the more complex and multi-dimensional structuring of the data. Please
contact the corresponding author for data in non-.mat output if needed.
Manuscript Abstract: Strong and sustained winds can drive dramatic
hydrodynamic responses in density-stratified lakes, with the associated
transport and mixing impacting water quality, ecosystem function, and the
stratification itself. Analytical expressions offer insight into the
dynamics of stratified lakes during severe wind events. However, it can be
difficult to predict the aggregate response of a natural system to the
superposition of hydrodynamic phenomena in the presence of complex
bathymetry and when forced by variable wind patterns. Using an array of
current, temperature, and water quality measurements at the upwind shore,
we detail the hydrodynamic response of deep, rotationally influenced Lake
Tahoe to three strong wind events during late spring. Sustained
southwesterly winds in excess of 10 m/s drove upwelling at the upwind
shore (characteristic of non-rotational upwelling setup), with upward
excursions of deep water exceeding 70 m for the strongest event.
Hypolimnetic water, with elevated concentrations of chlorophyll-a and
nitrate, was advected toward the nearshore, but this water rapidly
returned to depth with the relaxation of upwelling after the winds
subsided. The relaxation of upwelling exhibited rotational influence,
highlighted by an along-shore, cyclonic front characteristic of a Kelvin
wave-driven coastal jet, with velocities exceeding 25 cm/s. The rotational
front also produced downwelling to 100 m, transporting dissolved oxygen to
depth. More complex internal wave features followed the passage of these
powerful internal waves. Results emphasize the complexity of these
superimposed hydrodynamic phenomena in natural systems, providing a
conceptual reference for the role upwelling events may play in lake
ecosystems.Strong and sustained winds can drive dramatic hydrodynamic
responses in density-stratified lakes, with the associated transport and
mixing impacting water quality, ecosystem function, and the stratification
itself. Analytical expressions offer insight into the dynamics of
stratified lakes during severe wind events. However, it can be difficult
to predict the aggregate response of a natural system to the superposition
of hydrodynamic phenomena in the presence of complex bathymetry and when
forced by variable wind patterns. Using an array of current, temperature,
and water quality measurements at the upwind shore, we detail the
hydrodynamic response of deep, rotationally influenced Lake Tahoe to three
strong wind events during late spring. Sustained southwesterly winds in
excess of 10 m/s drove upwelling at the upwind shore (characteristic of
non-rotational upwelling setup), with upward excursions of deep water
exceeding 70 m for the strongest event. Hypolimnetic water, with elevated
concentrations of chlorophyll-a and nitrate, was advected toward the
nearshore, but this water rapidly returned to depth with the relaxation of
upwelling after the winds subsided. The relaxation of upwelling exhibited
rotational influence, highlighted by an along-shore, cyclonic front
characteristic of a Kelvin wave-driven coastal jet, with velocities
exceeding 25 cm/s. The rotational front also produced downwelling to 100
m, transporting dissolved oxygen to depth. More complex internal wave
features followed the passage of these powerful internal waves. Results
emphasize the complexity of these superimposed hydrodynamic phenomena in
natural systems, providing a conceptual reference for the role upwelling
events may play in lake ecosystems.