生理和基因组比较表明选择性育种提高了近江牡蛎对高盐的适应性

河口牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis）广泛分布于东亚河口沿岸，具有重要的经济和生态价值。中国北方过度捕捞、径流减少和淡水资源短缺导致了自然资源的减少。我们启动了一项提高河口牡蛎海洋适应性的选择育种计划，目前正在评估选择育种的效果和潜在的机制。在最佳盐度（20‰）、海洋盐度（30‰）和高盐盐度（55‰）条件下，比较了第四代选择种群与野生种群的生理和遗传特性。在生理特性方面，选择种群具有较强的能量供应和抗氧化能力。随着盐度的增加，选择种群的呼吸速率保持稳定，而野生种群的呼吸速率显著降低。选择群体的丙酮酸激酶（PK）、Na+/K+- atp酶和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性较高。与野生群体相比，筛选群体的磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）活性、PEPCK与PK活性之比以及丙二醛（MDA）含量均较野生群体低。基于特异位点扩增片段测序，从347,280个多态SLAF标签中鉴定出4,821,296个snp，过滤后保留了269,174个高度一致的群体snp。选择群体和野生群体表现出显著的遗传差异。与野生群体相比，选择群体表现出较大的连锁不平衡区。我们发现了12个在逆境条件下表达水平和变化幅度较高的结构差异基因。这些基因包括9个高盐胁迫应答基因，其中3个和6个分别上调（Gadd45a-1、Gadd45g和Gadd45a-2）和下调（UN-Nat、Slc23a2、FucTA、UN-Pi3、UN-Pi5和UN-Cpe）。我们的研究结果表明，人工选择显著影响了盐度变化的生理和基因组反应，这些反应对于提高盐度变化的抗性是重要的。我们的数据为牡蛎养殖计划提供了实际意义

The estuarine oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis), widely distributed along the estuarine coasts of East Asia, holds significant economic and ecological value. Overfishing, reduced runoff and freshwater shortages in northern China have led to the decline of its natural resources. We initiated a selective breeding program to enhance the marine adaptability of the estuarine oyster, and are currently evaluating the breeding efficacy and underlying mechanisms. The physiological and genetic characteristics of the 4th-generation selective breeding population and wild population were compared under three salinity conditions: optimal salinity (20‰), marine salinity (30‰) and high salinity (55‰). In terms of physiological traits, the selective breeding population exhibited stronger energy supply and antioxidant capacity. As salinity increased, the respiratory rate of the selective breeding population remained stable, while that of the wild population decreased significantly. The selective population showed higher activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), Na+/K+-ATPase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Compared with the wild population, the selective population had lower activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the ratio of PEPCK to PK activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing, 4,821,296 SNPs were identified from 347,280 polymorphic SLAF tags, and 269,174 high-consistency population SNPs were retained after filtering. The selective and wild populations exhibited significant genetic differences. The selective population had larger linkage disequilibrium regions compared to the wild population. We identified 12 structurally divergent genes with high expression levels and magnitude of changes under stress conditions. Among them, 9 are high-salinity stress response genes, with 3 up-regulated (Gadd45a-1, Gadd45g and Gadd45a-2) and 6 down-regulated (UN-Nat, Slc23a2, FucTA, UN-Pi3, UN-Pi5 and UN-Cpe) respectively. Our results demonstrate that artificial selection has significantly altered the physiological and genomic responses to salinity changes, which are critical for improving salinity stress resistance. Our data provide practical implications for oyster breeding programs.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集通过比较第四代选择种群与野生近江牡蛎的生理和基因组特性，研究了选择性育种对高盐适应性的影响。数据包括在20‰、30‰和55‰盐度条件下的酶活、荧光定量等测量结果，揭示了选择种群在能量代谢和抗氧化能力方面的优势，并识别出多个与盐度胁迫相关的差异表达基因。数据集覆盖2020年至2024年，涉及滨州和青岛地区，以表格和图片格式存储，为牡蛎养殖的遗传改良提供实证支持。