To test whether human in vitro primed Th9 cells recapitulate the core pathogenic Th2 cell phenotype, we differentiated naïve T cells into Th1 (IL-12), Th2 (IL-4), Th9 (IL-4+TGF-β), and iTreg (TGF-β).
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play central roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Treg cell homeostasis and suppressive function are still