Mean recorded temperature, pHNBS, salinity and target pCO2 for each ontogenetic stage.

Target pCO2 calculated from the Total Alkalinity (TA), of the four treatment levels, for each ontogentic stage; fertilisation, trochophore, D-veliger, umbonate veliger, pediveliger and spat experiments. There were 4 replicates for each treatment for the fertilisation, trochophore and D-veliger; and 3 replicates per treatment for umbonate, pediveliger and spat experiments. pH values corresponding with target pCO2 were provided by the Lewis and Wallace [52] calculation program using the dissociation constants of Mehrbach [53]. Temperature and salinity remained constant throughout the experiment. The measurements of pH were taken in each replicate container at each water change, n = 4 (fertilisation and trochophore experiment), n = 12 (D-veliger experiment) n = 9 (umbonate and spat experiment), n = 6 (pediveliger experiment).