Mutation frequency of <i>ace-1</i> gene in the study populations and association with resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.

Note. The laboratory susceptible strain exhibited 100% mortality for the two insecticides and no ace-1 mutation was detected. N is the number of individuals tested. G119S represents a mutated allele from glycine to serine at the codon of 119 of ace-1 gene. G/G refers to wildtype genotype, S/S is homozygous mutation, and G/S is heterozygote for the ace-1 gene. OR (odds ratio) tests the association between a particular mutation and resistance. *, P<0.05.