Synergic therapeutic effects of TTFields, pembrolizumab plus TMZ on newly diagnosed Glioblastoma patients in peripheral blood

We report the application of single-cell-RNA-based sequencing technology for high-throughput profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. By sequencing in total of 22 GBM patients at different time points, we generated an overview of patient peripheral immune status. Biopsy-only tumors were associated with enhanced antigen-specific T cell stimulation. TTFields concomitant with pembrolizumab enhanced central memory T cell formation in representative responders with biopsy-only tumors. This study provides a framework for the application of scRNAseq towards characterization of peripheral immune activation status of GBM patients who undergo immunotherapy.