Dataset for IPR Protection and Markup

The first data source is the CSMAR database. The data comprises rich information on all A-share-listed companies, including the financial and patent information that are of interest. Using standard data processing methods from the literature, this study excludes the following: a) observations processed, delisted, or labeled by ST, * ST, PT during the sample period;[ ST (Special Treatment)，*ST (Star Special Treatment), and PT (Pause Trading) typically refer to specific statuses or conditions applied to a company’s stock in China.] b) observations of IPOs in the current year; c) observations with missing or significantly abnormal information on key variables; and d) financial enterprises and real estate construction-related enterprises. We obtained unbalanced panel data from 3478 listed companies from 2001 to 2020, including 2598 manufacturing enterprises, the primary subjects of this study. For data processing, using the industrial output price index, input price index and the current year’s CPI, we adjusted the output, investment and intermediate inputs to reflect actual values.
Second, we use the number of intellectual property cases concluded by local courts in each city as a proxy variable . This data is sourced from the PKU-Law judicial case database, where cases are identified and organized by cause of action: IP contract disputes and IP ownership and infringement disputes. The dataset comprises 287 prefecture-level cities or above across China since 1945, including municipalities directly under central government authority. While the PKU-Law Info database does not contain every case, its cases are representative; thus, this data represents the overall number of IPR cases concluded by city courts. This approach provides a reliable indicator of each city’s IPR protection and enforcement activities.