The follow-up investigation and results analysis of three detection methods for one HIV RNA nucleic acid positive volunteer donor

Objective To explore three methods for dynamically detecting the window period of HIV RNA nucleic acid positive virus infection in a volunteer blood donor.Methods Using two different manufacturers of conventional enzyme immunoassay HIV fourth generation reagents and one nucleic acid PCR qualitative reagent, the HIV RNA nucleic acid of the voluntary blood donor was detected. The time when the two different manufacturers of enzyme immunoassay reagents tested positive after PCR detection was analyzed and judged, and the WB method was used for confirmation experiments.Results The first and second blood samples of this voluntary blood donor were tested negative using two different manufacturers of enzyme immunoassay HIV reagents, and the qualitative nucleic acid PCR test was positive. The WB method confirmed the experimental results as negative. The third blood donation sample was tested positive with two different manufacturers of enzyme-linked HIV fourth generation reagents, with S/CO values of 1.20 and 0.85, respectively. The CT value of nucleic acid PCR qualitative detection decreased significantly, showing a positive result. The WB method result is uncertain. The fourth and fifth blood donation samples were tested positive and strongly positive using two different manufacturers of enzyme-linked HIV fourth generation reagents, with S/CO values of 17.70, 10.35, 24.19, and 28.18, respectively. The qualitative detection of nucleic acid PCR showed positive CT values, and the experimental results of WB method were all positive.Conclusion The nucleic acid PCR detection method can significantly shorten the window period compared to the enzyme-linked HIV fourth generation reagent detection method. The advantages of nucleic acid PCR technology and enzyme-linked HIV fourth generation reagent simultaneous detection are complementary, which can effectively reduce the risk of HIV transmission through blood and reduce the risk of HIV infection due to blood transfusion. As a confirmatory experiment, the WB method has a long window period and is not suitable for screening voluntary blood donation. After three testing methods and four reagents analysis, the voluntary blood donor was determined to be in the window period of HIV virus infection.