IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS ASSOCIATED WITH EBV VIRUS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common upper respiratory tract pathologies and is viral in 90–98% of cases. In recent years, interest has increased in the role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of immune-inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. Although direct evidence of the etiologic role of EBV in acute rhinosinusitis is limited, accumulated data indicate its possible involvement in the impairment of innate and adaptive immunity, increased cytokine response, damage to the epithelial barrier, and prolongation of the inflammatory process. This review analyzes current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of EBV-associated acute rhinosinusitis, the characteristics of the cellular and humoral immune response, and the diagnostic value of serological and molecular markers. Existing gaps in the evidence base and areas for further research are discussed.