Artificial intelligence applications in food science: a review of cutting-edge technologies

The food industry is experiencing a transformation in its production, processing, quality evaluation, safety evaluation, and supply chain management due to the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI). The review also addresses new methodologies for complex food image analysis and predictive modeling, including transformer-based models, transfer learning, and reinforcement learning. While there is tremendous potential for AI to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and decision making within food systems globally, these benefits are limited by issues with the integration and quality of data, regulatory compliance, and scalability across regional and global supply chains. The systematic review provides a pathway for the development of safer, more sustainable and reliable food systems that may arise from AI including federated learning, hybrid intelligence, personalized nutrition, and AI-enabled 3D/4D food printing.