Pine Tree Lappet Moth Core Breeding Area

Core Breeding Area, in Scotland, of the Pine Tree Lappet Moth as of 31st December 2019. Timber movement restrictions apply to pine species (and non-pine conifers growing within pine coupes) in the Core Breeding Area between 18 May and 31 August.

The pine tree lappet moth (Dendrolimus pini) has a very wide range in Europe and Russia. In some countries it is known to be an extremely serious periodic pest on (mainly) pine over very extensive areas. Its caterpillars eat pine needles and can cause heavy and sometimes total defoliation, either weakening trees and leaving them vulnerable to secondary attacks by other pests/diseases or, in severe cases, killing the host trees. The primary host of this moth is Scots pine but it can feed on other pine species and in outbreak conditions it will also feed on other conifers.

Within the UK, this moth is only known to occur in the Inverness/Beauly catchment area, where a male moth was first detected in 2004 (and a breeding population subsequently confirmed in 2009). Although male moths can fly significant distances (kilometres), female moths are far less mobile due to their egg loads. Longer distance spread can occur through the movement of cocoons and larvae on wood and foliage. A containment programme was launched in 2009 to minimise the risk of further spread. Statutory controls on the movement of timber and branchwood from the breeding area have been in place since 2010. An annual programme of population monitoring has shown that the population density remains very low and the moth remains confined to a relatively small area in the Beauly catchment.

Conifer timber movement restrictions apply to the pine tree lappet moth Core Breeding Area between 18 May and 31 August (unless an owner can demonstrate through validated surveys that a breeding population of the pine tree lappet moth is not present). There are no restrictions on timber harvesting or extraction to roadside within this period. From 1 April 2021, the timber movement restrictions will continue to apply to all pine species but, in recognition of the continuing low densities of pine tree lappet caterpillars since 2008, restrictions on the movement of non-pine conifers will be reduced to only those growing in mixture (intimate or group) within pine coupes. No timber movement restrictions will apply outside the Core Breeding Area, but this will be kept under annual review based on results from wider area surveillance. A timber movement permission from Scottish Forestry is required in order to remove conifer timber from the Core Breeding Area at any time throughout the year.

苏格兰境内松树卷叶蛾（Dendrolimus pini）的核心繁殖区，截至2019年12月31日。自5月18日至8月31日，对核心繁殖区内松树物种（及生长在松树采伐区内的非松树针叶树）的木材运输实施限制。

松树卷叶蛾在欧洲和俄罗斯拥有广泛的分布范围。在某些国家，它被公认为对（主要是）广阔区域内的松树极为严重的周期性害虫。其幼虫食松针，可能导致树木严重脱叶，有时甚至完全脱叶，从而削弱树木，使其易受其他害虫/疾病的二次攻击，或在严重情况下，导致寄主树木死亡。该蛾的主要寄主为苏格兰松，但也能以其他松树物种为食，在爆发情况下，它还会以其他针叶树为食。

在英国，这种蛾仅知存在于因弗内斯/比尤利流域区域，2004年首次在此地区发现雄蛾（随后在2009年确认了繁殖种群）。尽管雄蛾能够飞行较远的距离（数公里），但由于雌蛾的卵负载，其移动性远不如雄蛾。通过木材和叶子的运输，可以发生长距离的传播。2009年启动了控制计划，以最大限度地降低进一步传播的风险。自2010年起，对从繁殖区运输木材和树枝木的法定控制措施已经实施。年度种群监测计划显示，种群密度始终保持极低，蛾子被限制在比尤利流域相对较小的区域内。

自5月18日至8月31日，对松树卷叶蛾核心繁殖区内的针叶树木运输实施限制（除非业主能够通过经过验证的调查证明松树卷叶蛾的繁殖种群不存在）。在此期间，对木材采伐或提取至道路旁没有限制。自2021年4月1日起，木材运输限制将继续适用于所有松树物种，但鉴于自2008年以来松树卷叶蛾幼虫密度持续维持在低水平，对非松树针叶树木的运输限制将仅限于生长在松树采伐区内的混合（亲密或群体）树木。在核心繁殖区以外，不实施木材运输限制，但这一措施将基于更广泛区域监控的结果进行年度审查。全年任何时间从核心繁殖区移除针叶树木，都需要苏格兰林业部门的木材运输许可。