Baseline characteristics of survivors and non-survivors among severely PQ-poisoned patients treated with repeated pulse therapy (n = 136).

Note: The definitions of acute kidney injury, acute hepatitis, and hypoxemia are described in the Methods section. Comorbidities included 4 with hypertension, 2 with diabetes, and 3 with viral hepatitis. ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ER: emergency room; HP: hemoperfusion; PaO2: oxygen concentration in an arterial blood gas analysis, at room air; PQ: paraquat; PQ(U): urine paraquat.*Data presented as median (minimum, maximum) and were assessed by Mann-Whitney U tests.