A set of 16S rDNA metagenomic data of the bacterial community of the rhizosphere of white poplar growing in the European part of the Russian Federation

White poplar (Populus alba L.) is a plant used in urban landscaping, for wood production, phytoremediation of soils and is a model object among trees. Poplars, like other plants, interact with a large number of microorganisms in soil, water and air. Microorganisms living in the soil in close proximity to the roots are called rhizosphere microorganisms and their community is called rhizosphere. The metabolic relationship between poplar and rhizosphere microorganisms is critical for maintaining the growth and health of the plant and its ability to fulfill ecological functions, as the rhizosphere is linked to the supply of minerals to the roots. Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, we evaluated the taxonomic structure of rhizospheric bacteria communities in poplars growing in different regions of the European part of the Russian Federation (Moscow Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Volgograd Oblast and Stavropol Krai), taking into account the interseasonal (spring-autumn) dynamics. Previously, similar studies have been conducted in other regions of the world, and our results are the first for this territory, complementing the available data of other researchers.