Labour Force Survey 2014, 3rd quarter, Additional Survey on Immigration

Labour Force Survey 2014, 3rd quarter, Additional Survey on Immigration

As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level.

As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the aforementioned areas.

As of the 1st quarter of 2009 the new classification of economic activities: SN2007/ISIC rev 5 replaces SN2002/ISIC Rev 4.

As of the 1st quarter of 2011 the new classification of occupants STYRK-08/ISCO-08 replaces STYRK/ISCO-88.

From 2011 the new standard classification of occupations STYRK-08 replaces the previously used STYRK. From 1st quarter of 2011 professions are coded for both old and new occupational standards. On the basis of this double coding transition keys between old and new standards is calculated. The occupational figures for 2011, will because of this, not be comparable with previous years.

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Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development.

In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: "Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser", SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: "Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics.

In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and "over employment" in the original questionnaire were abandoned.

From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The "old" means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the "new" implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987.
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Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable "Labour-market status" was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. In addition, an escalation scheme to increase the sample size was started. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number.

In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new Norwegian standard classification of occupations (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification.

2014年第三季度劳动力调查 移民附加调查

自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计统计局（Statistics Norway，简称SSB）便开展官方季度劳动力调查（以下简称AKU）。此类调查旨在为劳动力管理部门及其他相关方提供人口职业结构及其随时间演变的相关信息，为职业预测与劳动力研究提供基础数据与统计素材。1992年起，AKU的抽样样本具备县级代表性；1972年至1991年期间，样本则具备县域配对层级的代表性。

2006年1月起，AKU迎来多项重大调整，以提升其与其他国家同类调查的可比性。调整内容包括对失业定义的小幅修正、问卷的优化与扩容，以及年龄定义的变更（采用调查基准时点年龄，而非年末年龄）。同时，AKU的纳入年龄下限从16岁下调至15岁，上述调整导致相关领域的时间序列出现断裂。

自2009年第一季度起，全新的经济活动分类标准SN2007/ISIC Rev.5取代了SN2002/ISIC Rev.4。

自2011年第一季度起，全新的职业分类标准STYRK-08/ISCO-08取代了STYRK/ISCO-88。

2011年起，全新的职业标准分类STYRK-08取代了此前使用的STYRK标准。自2011年第一季度起，职业编码同时适配新旧两套职业标准，并基于此双编码体系计算新旧标准间的转换系数。正因如此，2011年的职业统计数据无法与往年数据进行比较。

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最初，AKU的受访者需在一年内的两个连续季度接受访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再进行两个季度的访谈。1988年之前，每季度的受访者样本规模约为10000至11000人。AKU最初旨在作为基于社会保障参保索引文件的月度职业统计的分析补充。然而，1971年1月1日病假福利纳入国民保险后，基于社会保障的统计数据不复存在，AKU也逐渐发展为了解劳动力市场现状及其发展趋势的最重要信息来源。

1975年，挪威统计统计局调整了调查研究的抽样框架，相关内容可参考Steinar Tamsfoss所著《挪威统计统计局调查研究办公室随机样本使用规范》（原文标题：Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser, SSB）以及Ib Thomsen所著《挪威统计统计局抽样调查原则与方法》（原文标题：Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse, SØS 33）。与此同时，全国数据的通胀估算方法也进行了调整，自此1975年起可生成合理的区域级统计数据。1975年的调整改变了群体访谈方式，其中一项影响便是打破了AKU的面板系统规则。

在1976年的AKU调查中，问卷进行了小幅修订，同时恢复了最初的6季度轮换方案。新问卷能够更好地识别家庭用工者与临时无薪工作者，因此新增了30000至35000名就业人口。“无收入求职者”群体的范围也扩展至非自愿休假人员。原问卷中关于就业不足与“过度就业”的问题被移除。

自1987年第一季度起，全国数据的通胀估算方法进行了小幅调整，就业定义也进行了微调。为确保数据与此前调查的可比性，研究人员编制了1980年至1986年AKU数据集的新版文件。因此，1980年至1987年的数据集存在两个版本，分别采用新旧两套估算方法：“旧版”数据可与1972年至1987年期间发布的原始数据进行比较，而“新版”数据则可与1987年之后发布的数据进行对比。

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1988年第一季度至第二季度期间，AKU的数据集描述进行了调整：“劳动力市场状况”变量采用了新的编码方式。此外，数据收集流程也进行了调整——从每季度针对特定一周进行访谈，改为连续每周开展访谈。同时，启动了样本规模扩容的升级方案，这对权重计算产生了影响：自1988年第二季度起，权重改为每月重新计算。为使季度或年度数据集与全国总数据保持平衡，需将月度权重除以3或12，以得到正确的总样本数。

1996年，AKU迎来重大修订：问卷、数据集描述以及行业与职业编码标准均进行了更新。数据收集方式改为计算机辅助电话访谈（Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing，简称CATI）。新的行业分类标准NOS C 182正式启用，该标准基于欧盟NACE Rev.1标准，并分别于2002年和2007年进行了更新。同时，1996年起启用基于ISCO 88的全新挪威职业分类标准STYRK。由于新职业分类体系中未开发出类似变量，原有的社会经济地位标识变量被移除。