Non-targeted metabolome analysis and comparison of metabolites from the filaments and fermentation broth of a Penicillium loci from the rhizosphere of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn

100 μL of sample was transferred to an EP tube. After the addition of 300 μL of extract solution (methanol, containing isotopically-labelled internal standard mixture), the samples were vortexed for 30 s, sonicated for 10 min in ice-water bath, and incubated for 1 h at -40 ℃ to precipitate proteins. Then the sample was centrifuged at 12000 rpm(RCF=13800(×g),R= 8.6cm) for 15 min at 4 ℃. The resulting supernatant was transferred to a fresh glass vial for analysis. The quality control (QC) sample was prepared by mixing an equal aliquot of the supernatants from all of the sample.LC-MS/MS analyses were performed using an UHPLC system (Vanquish, Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) coupled to Orbitrap Exploris 120 mass spectrometer (Orbitrap MS, Thermo). The mobile phase consisted of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 5 mmol/L acetic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). The auto-sampler temperature was 4 ℃, and the injection volume was 2 μL. The Orbitrap Exploris 120 mass spectrometer was used for its ability to acquire MS/MS spectra on information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode in the control of the acquisition software (Xcalibur, Thermo). In this mode, the acquisition software continuously evaluates the full scan MS spectrum. The ESI source conditions were set as following: sheath gas flow rate as 50 Arb, Aux gas flow rate as 15 Arb, capillary temperature 320 ℃, full MS resolution as 60000, MS/MS resolution as 15000 collision energy as 10/30/60 in NCE mode, spray Voltage as 3.8 kV (positive) or -3.4 kV (negative), respectively.The raw data were converted to the mzXML format using ProteoWizard and processed with an in-house program, which was developed using R and based on XCMS, for peak detection, extraction, alignment, and integration. Then an in-house MS2 database (BiotreeDB) was applied in metabolite annotation. The cutoff for annotation was set at 0.3.