Transcriptomes during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and BCG induced trained immunity in vitro

Trained immunity is the phenomenon whereby innate immune cells such as monocytes or macrophages undergo functional reprogramming after exposure to certain microbial components, altering their responses to future exposures. This study examined the transcriptional remodeling during BCG induced trained immunity in human primary monocytes. Human monocytes from 3 donors were different iated to naive or trained macrophages. Primary human monocytes were differentiated to macrophages after a 6 days in vitro culture.Trained immunity was induced by initial exposure of primary human monocytes to BCG vaccine for 24 hours, followed by removal of stimulus and differentiation to macrophages for an additional 5 days. Cells were collected at baseline (day 0), 24 hours, and 6 days, and RNA was extracted for RNA-seq analysis.