Probio-X combined with metformin alleviates type 2 diabetes by mediating short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and bile acid pathways

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease. As a commonly used drug for the treatment of T2DM, metformin will gradually reduce the efficacy or cause gastrointestinal dysfunction with the prolongation of treatment time. The gut microbiota may be the target of metformin, and probiotics can target and modulate the gut microbiota. Our study suggests that probiotics and metformin can further modulate the metabolism of host bile acids or SCFAs by mediating the gut microbiota in patients with T2DM, thereby enhancing the hypoglycemic effect of metformin.