Deep convective initiation events over Hainan Island (2016–2022) with daily PM2.5 and pre-trigger CAPE, and WRF/WPS namelists for semi-idealized simulations

This dataset provides the location, time, near-surface PM2.5, and convective available potential energy (CAPE) for 4,571 deep convection initiation (DCI) events over Hainan Island in Southern China during the summer season (May to September) of 2016 to 2022. The DCI initiation locations and times are taken from the satellite-based DCI dataset of Lu et al. (2026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD045737; data available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18368323), which was produced by an automatic DCI identification method using the high-resolution (2 km, 10 minutes) visible and infrared data of the Himawari-8 satellite; here the events are restricted to those initiating over the Hainan Island analysis region (18–20°N, 108–111°E), on a total of 389 DCI-active days. Each event is matched with the daily area-averaged near-surface PM2.5 (µg m⁻³) over the Hainan Island land area, from the 1-km ChinaHighPM2.5 (CHAP) product (Wei et al., 2021); and the pre-trigger CAPE (J kg⁻¹) from the hourly ERA5 single-level reanalysis (Hersbach et al., 2020), averaged over the three hours preceding each event at the nearest grid point. Note that the time in the dataset is represented in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); for instance, the value “720” corresponds to “07:20 AM UTC” (local standard time over Hainan is UTC + 8 hours). This record also includes the WRF (namelist.input) and WPS (namelist.wps) configuration files used for the semi-idealized simulations described in the accompanying manuscript.