Hydrogen CPS Digital-Twin IDS Dataset

This dataset contains multivariate time-series measurements representing a hydrogen logistics cyber–physical system that integrates cryogenic storage/transfer operations, SCADA/PLC control, IIoT sensing, fleet logistics telemetry, and cybersecurity network indicators. It is designed to support research on joint cyber intrusion detection and physical safety monitoring under a digital-twin–enabled operating setting, where simulated twin states and real process states may diverge during abnormal events. Each row corresponds to one timestamped observation from a sensor/terminal/tanker context. The dataset includes (i) raw operational signals (pressure, temperatures, flow, vibration), (ii) control and authentication signals from industrial automation, (iii) network/security behavior indicators, (iv) digital-twin synchronization variables, and (v) engineered cross-domain risk indices. The dataset supports both multi-class intrusion classification and continuous leakage severity estimation. File format: CSVTime axis: fixed-interval sampling (see Sampling_Interval)Key identifiers for grouping studies: Terminal_ID (site/client), Tanker_ID (asset), Sensor_Node_ID (device) Targets (labels) Intrusion_Class (multi-class; imbalanced) 0 Normal 1 SCADA valve spoofing 2 Sensor malware 3 PLC firmware intrusion 4 Fleet route hijacking 5 Digital twin tampering Leakage_Rate (regression; kg/hr)Continuous leakage severity signal reflecting cryogenic losses and safety-critical anomalies. Feature description (by category) A) Indexing and entities Timestamp: observation time Terminal_ID: terminal/site identifier (useful as a federated “client”) Tanker_ID: tanker/vehicle identifier Sensor_Node_ID: IIoT sensor node identifier B) Cryogenic tank telemetry (process physics) LH2_Temperature (°C): liquid hydrogen temperature Vapor_Temperature (°C): vapor phase temperature Tank_Pressure (bar): tank pressure reading Pressure_Rise_Rate (bar/min): pressure change rate indicator Boil_Off_Rate (%/hr): boil-off proxy Liquid_Level (%): cryogenic tank fill level Heat_Ingress (proxy units): thermal ingress driver Wall_Stress (MPa): structural stress proxy linked to pressure/vibration Relief_Valve_Status (0/1): relief valve activation indicator Cryo_Pump_Status (0/1): cryogenic pump operational state C) Pipeline and terminal infrastructure (flow dynamics) Pipeline_Pressure (bar): pipeline pressure Flow_Rate (kg/s): hydrogen flow rate Compressor_Load (%): compressor utilization Transfer_Line_Temperature (°C): transfer line temperature Joint_Leakage_Index (%): leakage propensity indicator at joints Flow_Turbulence_Score (score): turbulence/instability indicator Terminal_Throughput (throughput units): terminal processing intensity Pump_Vibration_Level (vibration units): mechanical vibration proxy D) IIoT device telemetry (edge/network health) Sensor_Battery_Level (%): device battery estimate Signal_Strength_RSSI (dBm): radio signal strength Packet_Loss_Rate (%): packet loss indicator Sampling_Interval (minutes): configured sampling rate Edge_Buffer_Load (%): edge buffer utilization Sensor_Calibration_Error (score): calibration drift indicator Device_Tamper_Flag (0/1): device tamper indicator E) SCADA/PLC control and security (automation layer) Valve_Command (categorical): 0 Hold, 1 Open, 2 Close, 3 Partial Command_Source (categorical): 0 Auto, 1 Operator, 2 Remote API Execution_Latency (ms): command execution latency PLC_CPU_Load (%): PLC utilization Firmware_Integrity (0/1): firmware status (1 OK, 0 compromised) Override_Command (0/1): manual override indicator Shutdown_Trigger (0/1): shutdown event indicator Authentication_Status (0/1): authentication verified vs suspicious/failed F) Fleet and logistics telemetry (transport risk) Tanker_GPS_Latitude, Tanker_GPS_Longitude: asset position Route_Deviation_Index (%): route anomaly indicator Transit_Time (hours): travel time estimate Loading_Delay (minutes): loading delay Fleet_Density (count): vehicles in operating region Boil_Off_Transit_Loss (fraction): transit boil-off loss proxy Vibration_Exposure (units): vibration exposure during transit G) Cybersecurity network behavior (IDS signals) Login_Attempts (count) Failed_Logins (count) Access_Time_Anomaly (0/1): abnormal access timing IP_Entropy (score): IP distribution entropy Packet_Size_Variance (bytes² proxy): traffic variability Malware_Flag (0/1) Privilege_Escalation (0/1) Network_Latency_Spike (score): latency anomaly magnitude H) Digital-twin synchronization (twin vs real consistency) Twin_Pressure, Real_Pressure Twin_Temperature, Real_Temperature Twin_Real_Deviation: aggregated deviation between twin and real State_Error_Index: bounded twin-state inconsistency measure Simulated_Valve_Response, Observed_Valve_Response: actuation mismatch signals Twin_Integrity_Score (0–1): estimated twin trust/integrity I) Engineered cross-domain risk features (for learning robustness) Cryo_Instability_Index: cryogenic instability score Leak_Risk_Score: leakage risk composite Cyber_Physical_Risk: fused cyber + physical risk score Valve_Spoofing_Confidence: spoofing likelihood proxy Twin_Tamper_Score: twin tamper likelihood proxy Routing_Risk_Index: transport-side risk composite