Estimation of variability in the gut microbiota resistome of the Russian citizens aimed at identification of pathways for transmission and spread of antibiotic resistance.

A problem of antibiotic resistance emergence in microbiome will be investigated in the research. To date, gut microbiome (as well as soil microbiome) is considered to be antibiotic resistance reservoir. The resistance can accumulate in the microbiome after antibiotic treatment against infectious agents, and it can be passed to pathogenic bacteria during further infections, even though absence of the target infection is checked after each therapy. Moreover, use of antibiotics in agriculture and every day life (without doctor’s recommendations) creates an environment for antibiotic resistance transfer between microbiomes, as there is always a selective pressure for it. That is a quite dangerous situation, as there is a permanent ubiquitous antibiotic resistance (AR) background. In the framework of the research available data on Russian and worldwide microbiomes (more than 2000 by 2015 year) will be analyzed and groups of patients who passed antibiotic treatment will be studied. Using obtained results a map of antibiotic resistance expansion will be created, dominating mechanisms of the resistance transfer and AR genes hosts will be revealed. Additionally, laboratory methods and mathematical analysis for genes’ and mechanisms’ screening will be developed. The developed models AR transfer will make possible modeling of various methods for AR transfer prevention, or, alternatively, modeling of consequences of different antibiotics’ use. Concluding, basic mechanisms of AR emergence will be described (6-1-3) and new methods of screening will be proposed. Furthermore, principle of the screening operation will be demonstrated on available data on AR, as well as on chosen clinical groups.