RARRES1 Co-expression Data

OncomineTM (Compendia Bioscience, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was used to identify cancers where RARRES1 gene expression was significantly upregulated or downregulated. These cancers included breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, lymphoma, pancreatic and prostate (S1 Table from OncomineTM). Of the identified cancers, three (breast, colorectal and prostate) were selected for further analysis given the number of datasets found to have significant RARRES1 gene expression changes as well as the literature known about RARRES1 and its molecular biology within these cancers. Within the cancers selected, individual datasets were chosen given their large sample sizes and subtype analyses. Thus, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Breast Cancer, TCGA Colorectal Cancer, and Grasso Prostate datasets were selected. The Grasso Prostate dataset was also uniquely selected for its metastatic vs. primary analysis (21). For the TCGA Breast Cancer dataset, subtype analysis was stratified into ER+ vs. ER- status; PR+ vs. PR- status and Triple Negative (PR-, HER2- & ER-) vs. non-Triple Negative (22). Metastatic vs. primary site analysis was performed in the Grasso Prostate dataset. All colorectal cancer types (rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, colon mucinous adenocarcinoma and cecum adenocarcinoma) identified in the TCGA dataset were also analyzed in comparison to their respective normal samples (S1 File) (23). Genes positively or negatively co-expressed with RARRES1 were further identified using OncomineTM with respect to each dataset of tumor vs. normal.