ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION DEVELOPING ON THE BACKGROUND OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND MODERN THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) rank among the leading contributors to the worldwide rise in chronic non-communicable illnesses. These two conditions commonly coexist, and their combined presence markedly elevates the likelihood of cardiovascular death and illness. This article reviews the root causes, intricate biological processes, and up-to-date treatment advances for controlling high blood pressure in people with diabetes. Major disease drivers encompass widespread insulin resistance, damaged blood vessel lining function, excessive stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and harm from oxidative processes. Successful control calls for a comprehensive plan involving changes in daily habits, strict blood sugar management, and targeted selection of blood pressure-lowering medications like ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Gaining insight into these overlapping processes is essential to improve results for patients and avert serious large-vessel complications.