<i>a.</i> Mean performance (SD) on the pre-literacy tasks for the low-risk (N = 69) group as a function of time; <i>b.</i> Mean performance (SD) on the pre-literacy tasks for the high-risk group (N = 33) as a function of time.

Note: Standard scores on measures of letter knowledge and PA were not available. Possible maximum score for Letter Knowledge at T1,T2 & T3 = 26, but at T4 = 60; possible maximum score for PA at T1, T2, & T3 = 50, but at T4 = 62 (see text). Scores on the Oral Language and RAN were standard scores (i.e., M = 100; SD = 15), and scores on the sentence recall were scaled scores (i.e., M = 10; SD = 3).