Signal detection theory applied to giant pandas: Do pandas go out of their way to make sure their scent marks are found?

Inter-animal communication allows signals released by an animal to be
perceived by others. Scent-marking is the primary mode of such
communication in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Signal detection
theory propounds that animals choose the substrate and location of their
scent marks so that the signals released are transmitted more widely and
last longer. We believe that pandas trade off scent-marking because they
are an energetically marginal species and it is costly to generate and
mark chemical signals. Existing studies only indicate where pandas mark
more frequently, but their selection preferences remain unknown. This
study investigates whether the marking behavior of pandas is consistent
with signal detection theory. Feces count, reflecting habitat use
intensity, was combined with mark count to determine the selection
preference for marking. The results showed that pandas preferred to mark
ridges with animal trails and that most marked tree species were locally
dominant. In addition, marked plots and species were selected for lower
energy consumption and a higher chance of being detected. Over 90% of the
marks used were the longest-surviving anogenital gland secretion marks,
and over 80% of the marks were oriented toward animal trails. Our research
demonstrates that pandas go out of their way to make sure their marks are
found. This study not only sheds light on the mechanisms of scent-marking
by pandas but also guides us toward more precise conservation of the panda
habitat.