Big data set

Abstract:
Background: The prognosis of COVID-19 could influence by innate immune sensors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). The purpose of this study was to investigate TLR3, 7, and 8 expression levels in COVID-19 patients and their relationship to outcome of disease.
Material and methods: 75 confirm COVID-19 were included sequentially and separated into three groups: mild, severe, and critical. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the whole blood, and RNA was then extracted. The qRT-PCR technique was used to examine the expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes.
Results: The patients' average ages were 52.69±1.9. 13 of the 25 individuals in each group were male. TLR3 (p < 0.001), TLR7 (p < 0.001), and TLR8 (p < 0.001) expression levels were considerably greater in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. The findings also showed that individuals with critical and severe COVID-19 disease had significantly greater TLR7 and TLR8 gene expression levels than patients in mild stage of disease (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant difference (p = 0.01) in the TLR3 transcript levels between critical and mild COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, male severe (p = 0.02) and critical (p = 0.008) patients had significantly higher TLR8 expression levels than female patients in terms of gender. TLR3 (p = 0.2) and TLR7 (p = 0.08) transcripts were more elevated in males than females, but not significantly.
Conclusion: The result suggested that TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 gene might have a role in the disease severity. Furthermore, the degree of TLR8 expression may be associated with the severity disease severity in male patients. To confirm this claim, additional research is advised.

Keywords: Toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), TLR7, TLR8, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coronavirus disease 2019

摘要：
背景：COVID-19的预后可能受固有免疫传感器，如 toll 样受体（TLRs）的影响。本研究旨在探究 COVID-19 患者中 TLR3、7 和 8 的表达水平及其与疾病预后的关系。
材料与方法：按顺序纳入 75 例确诊为 COVID-19 的患者，并将其分为轻症、重症和危重症三组。从全血中分离出外周血单个核细胞，然后提取 RNA。采用定量实时聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）技术检测 TLR3、TLR7 和 TLR8 基因的表达水平。
结果：患者的平均年龄为 52.69±1.9。每组 25 例患者中，有 13 例为男性。与对照组相比，COVID-19 患者的 TLR3（p < 0.001）、TLR7（p < 0.001）和 TLR8（p < 0.001）表达水平显著升高。研究还发现，重症和重症 COVID-19 疾病患者比轻症疾病患者具有显著更高的 TLR7 和 TLR8 基因表达水平（p < 0.05）。结果显示，危重症与轻症 COVID-19 患者之间的 TLR3 转录水平存在显著差异（p = 0.01）。此外，男性重症（p = 0.02）和危重症（p = 0.008）患者的 TLR8 表达水平显著高于女性患者。在性别方面，TLR3（p = 0.2）和 TLR7（p = 0.08）转录物在男性中比女性中更高，但无统计学差异。
结论：结果表明，TLR3、TLR7 和 TLR8 基因可能在疾病严重程度中发挥作用。此外，TLR8 表达程度可能与男性患者的疾病严重程度相关。为证实此观点，建议进行进一步的研究。
关键词：toll 样受体 3（TLR3）、TLR7、TLR8、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）、冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）