Different SST diurnal variation experiments based on FIO-ESM v2.0

Diurnal variation of sea surface temperature (SST) has been proven to have effective impacts on ENSO simulation, such as ENSO amplitude, ENSO frequency, as well as ENSO asymmetry, after improving the air-sea coupling frequency from daily to 3-hour or better. However, to capture 90% of the diurnal amplitude (DA; daily maximum minus daily minimum) of SST, a 1-m or higher vertical resolution in the upper ocean layer is also required. FIO-ESMv2.0 obtains large DA after incorporating a diurnal sublayer scheme in the ocean component and exhibits an excellent comprehensive performance of ENSO in the meanwhile. This data collection consists of SST, air-sea heat fluxes, and climatology ocean currents in tropical region, which are separated into large DA and small DA experiments, in FIO-ESMv2.0 historical simulations from 1850 to 2014. Moreover, the data used in the mixed layer heat budget analysis in the Niño 3 region (150°-90°W, 5˚S-5°N) in FIO-ESMv2.0, such as ocean temperature and ocean velocities, are also provided.