Association Between Disordered Gut Microbiome and Altered Metabolites and hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) most commonly when driven by hypertension and it is a strong independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and death. Some animal models support a role for gut microbiota and metabolites in the development of LVH, but cohort studies confirming these findings in populations are lacking.We conducted a cross sectional study to investigate the alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites in a cohort of 30 patients with hypertension, 30 patients with hypertensive LVH and 30 matched controls based on a strategy of 16S rDNA and metabolomic analyses.We observed LVH enriched Enorma, Faecalitalea, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus and Erysipelotrichaceae were positively correlated with LVMI, but control enriched GCA was negatively linked to LVMI, and the relationship between gut microbiota and LVMI differed across stratification of gender, age, and BMI. The metabolites of the three groups in both fecal and plasma samples were significantly different. There were 49 different plasma metabolites and 59 different fecal metabolites in LVH group compared with hypertensive group, and 132 different plasma metabolites and 74 different fecal metabolites in LVH group compared with controls. There was also a sex specific association between metabolites and LVMI. Significant changes in metabolic pathways in LVH were also observed, especially Bile acid and lipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, Specific metabolites and gut microbiota showed good predictive powers for classifying LVH from hypertension and controls.Our study demonstrated the disordered gut microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles in LVH. This highlights the roles of gut bacteria and metabolite in this disease and could lead to new intervention, diagnostic, or management paradigms for LVH.