Diagnosed etiologies by different initial CKD stages.

aBy Chi-square test.
††Other systemic disease-related nephropathy included amyloidosis, scleroderma, multiple myeloma, gouty nephropathy, liver cirrhosis, heart failure, eclampsia, metabolic diseases causing renal failure, and other systemic disease causing renal failure.
*Other renal parenchyma disease of the primary renal diseases including chronic pyelonephritis, unrecovered acute renal failure, chronic glomerulonephritis, post-infectious glomerulonephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis, rejection of kidney allograft.
**Other etiology included obstructive nephropathy, urinary tract diseases, renal vascular diseases, hereditary diseases, other causes of renal failure, and renal failure with unknown causes.