Leaving the Enclave: Historical Evidence on Immigrant Mobility from the Industrial Removal Office

<span>The Industrial Removal Office funded 39,000 Jewish households to leave enclave
neighborhoods in New York City from 1900 to 1922. Compared to neighbors with
the same baseline occupation, program participants earned 4 percent more ten
years after relocation. These gains persisted to the next generation. Benefits increased
with more years spent outside of an enclave. Participants were more likely to
speak English, and married spouses with less Jewish names. More
Jewishly-identified men (as measured by own names) were more likely to return
to the city.<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> We contextualize these results with new
national evidence on Jewish economic and cultural assimilation.</a></span><br>