G-quadruplex (G4) structures can form in guanine-rich DNA or RNA and have been found to modulate cellular processes, including replication, transcription, and translation. Many studies on the cellular
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous throughout bacterial and archaeal genomes. TA systems consist of a stable toxin that inhibits growth and a labile antitoxin that prevents toxicity of the t
