Exploration of Modular Fangcang Shelter Hospital in the Construction of Resilient Public Health Emergency System - Response Strategies for Future Disease X Pandemics

During the global COVID-19 pandemic, Fangcang shelter hospitals emerged as a core vehicle of China’s containment innovation, serving as a critical tool for public health emergencies by rapidly scaling up medical capacity, blocking community transmission, and optimizing tiered diagnosis/treatment systems. This study, grounded in the practical logic of Fangcang hospitals, distills their strategic essence of “trading spatial capacity for temporal advantage”. Addressing gaps in international public health emergency response mechanisms, we propose a modular response system upgrade tailored for highly uncertain future “Disease X” scenarios. Our findings emphasize that the Fangcang model must evolve from passive reaction to proactive integration with urban planning. Through smart, standardized, and human-centered iterations, it should transform into universal infrastructure for global health governance.