Table 1 in Two new species of socially parasitic Nylanderia ants from the southeastern United States

Table 1. Comparison of inquiline syndrome characteristics for N. deceptrix, N. deyrupi, and N. parasitica. Traits applying to females but not males are marked with an asterisk (*), whereas traits applying to males but not females are marked with a cross (+). Morphological reductions observed in social parasites were determined by comparisons relative to the respective host species. N. deceptrixN. deyrupiN. parasiticaLoss of worker casteXXXPresence of multiple parasite queens in host colony (polygyny)XXXCoexistence with host queen (host-queen tolerance)XX?Reduced body sizeXXXLimited geographic distributionXXXReduced wing venationXX-Reduced mouthparts---Reduced antennal segments--X+Smooth, shiny integument---Elongated scapesXXX*Reduced pilosity---Reduced wingsXX-Reduced mandibular dentitionXXX