Musk ketone mediates mitochondrial metabolism and mucosal repair in Lactobacillus murinus to ameliorate gastrointestinal stress in plateau

Hypoxic exposure increases gastrointestinal stress and mucosal barrier damage. Musk, a high-frequency occurrence in Tibetan medicine, has been widely used in the amelioration of gastrointestinal disorders as a traditional medicine in Qinghai Tibet, but the protective effects and regulatory mechanisms of its natural compound musk ketone against acute plateau gastrointestinal stress remain unclear.