Food Insecurity Experience Scale 2020 - Cameroon

Abstract
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ .

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2),
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available under the "DOCUMENTATION" tab above. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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Individuals of 15 years or older.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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A Random Digit Dialling (RDD) approach was used to form a random sample of telephone numbers. Stratified phone numbers made available from telephone service providers or administrative registers were also used to integrate RDD when needed. Socio-demographic characteristics collected in the survey were then compared with the available information from recent national surveys to verify the extent to which the sample mirrored the total population structure. In case of discrepancies, post-stratification sampling weights were computed to adjust for the under-represented populations, typically using sex and education level.
Exclusions: NA
Design effect: NA

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Cleaning operations
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Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
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Not Available.

Data appraisal
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Since the population with access to mobile telephones is likely to differ from the rest of the population with respect to their access to food, post-hoc adjustments were made to control for the potential resulting bias. Post-stratification weights were built to adjust the sample distribution by gender and education of the respondent at admin-1 level, to match the same distribution in the total population. However, an additional step was needed to try to ascertain the food insecurity condition of those with access to phones compared to that of the total population. Using FIES data collected by FAO through the GWP between 2014 and 2019, and a variable on access to mobile telephones that was also in the dataset, it was possible to compare the prevalence of food insecurity at moderate or severe level, and severe level only, of respondents with access to a mobile phone to that of the total population at national level.

摘要
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可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1承诺各国消除饥饿，确保所有人全年都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，'基于食物不安全经验量表（FIES）的食物不安全普遍性'，提供了国际上可比较的估计，即面临食物获取困难的人口比例。更多详细背景信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ 查阅。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度或严重食物不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2），
2. 经历严重食物不安全的人口比例。

这些数据是由FAO通过盖洛普世界民意调查收集的。关于方法论的详细信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ 查找。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于计算国家层面的指标2.1.2。计算此指标的说明可在上述“文档”选项卡下的方法论文件中找到。不建议在次国家层面分解结果，因为估计将受到大量抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖

分析单元
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个人

总体
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15岁或以上个人。

数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
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采用随机数字拨号（RDD）方法形成随机电话号码样本。当需要时，还使用了来自电话服务提供商或行政登记的分层电话号码。然后，将调查中收集的社会人口统计特征与最近的国家调查中可用的信息进行比较，以验证样本在多大程度上反映了总人口结构。在出现差异的情况下，计算后分层抽样权重以调整未充分代表的人口，通常使用性别和教育水平。
排除：无
设计效应：无

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈[cati]

清洗操作
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统计验证评估了FIES数据的质量，通过测试其与Rasch模型假设的一致性。此分析涉及对几个统计量的解释，这些统计量揭示了1）在特定环境中表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度异常响应模式的情况，3）可能冗余的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体中总方差的比率。

抽样误差估计
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不可用。

数据评估
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由于拥有移动电话的人群可能与食物获取能力不同的其他人群有所区别，因此对后验进行了调整，以控制由此产生的潜在偏差。构建后分层权重以通过受访者在行政-1级性别和教育的分布来调整样本分布，以匹配总人口中的相同分布。然而，还需要额外一步来尝试确定拥有电话的人的食物不安全状况与总人口相比的情况。通过FAO通过GWP在2014年至2019年收集的FIES数据和数据集中也有的移动电话访问变量，可以比较拥有电话的受访者中食物不安全普遍性（中度或严重）和仅严重水平与国家层面总人口的食物不安全普遍性。