Metabolomics Analysis of Limoniastrum monopetalum Extract

Limoniastrum monopetalum is a halophytic plant traditionally used in folk medicine for its purported antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its chemical composition and bioactive constituents remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, we employed an untargeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to profile the phytochemical landscape of L. monopetalum extract. Data preprocessing and multivariate statistical analyses revealed a diverse metabolic fingerprint consisting of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and other secondary metabolites. Several compounds with known pharmacological relevance, including gallic acid derivatives, catechins, and flavonol glycosides, were identified and annotated against public metabolite databases. Pathway enrichment analysis further suggested the involvement of phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and galactose metabolism, highlighting potential mechanisms underlying the plant’s bioactivities. Collectively, these findings provide the first comprehensive metabolomic characterization of L. monopetalum extract, offering a valuable resource for future pharmacological, nutraceutical, and biotechnological applications.