1918 pandemic influenza virus and pneumococcus co-infection results in activation of coagulation and widespread pulmonary microvascular thrombosis in mice and humans

To study the effects of secondary bacterial infection during 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection, BALB/c mice were inoculated with the fully reconstructed 1918 influenza virus followed by inoculation with pneumococcus 72h later. To study the effects of secondary bacterial infection during 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection, BALB/c mice were inoculated with the fully reconstructed 1918 influenza virus followed by inoculation with pneumococcus 72h later.