Parameter values for the best model (model 1 in Table 1) describing the effects of disturbance and climate on fly abundance per bat host species.

Real values (i.e., not relative to reference level) of the parameters are presented. Ap – Artibeus planirostris; Cp – Carollia perspicillata; Dr – Desmodus rotundus; Pp – Pteronotus parnellii. PC1 and PC2 – principal components of the seven environmental variables; HPE – Human population density estimate (see Methods for details); SE – standard error of parameter estimation. Results in bold significantly differ from zero.