World Terrestrial Ecosystems

The World Terrestrial Ecosystems map classifies the world into areas of similar climate, landform, and land cover, which form the basic components of any terrestrial ecosystem structure. This map is important because it uses objectively derived and globally consistent data to characterize the ecosystems at a much finer spatial resolution (250-m) than existing ecoregionalizations, and a much finer thematic resolution (431 classes) than existing global land cover products. This item was updated on Apr 14, 2023 to distinguish between Boreal and Polar climate regions in the terrestrial ecosystems. Cell Size: 250-meter Source Type: Thematic Pixel Type: 16 Bit Unsigned Data Projection: GCS WGS84 Extent: Global Source: USGS, The Nature Conservancy, Esri Update Cycle: None Analysis: Analysis-Optimized What can you do with this layer? This map allows you to query the land surface pixels and returns the values of all the input parameters (landform type, landcover/vegetation type, climate region) and the name of the terrestrial ecosystem at that location. This layer can be used in analysis at global and local regions. However, for large scale spatial analysis, we have also provided an ArcGIS Pro Package that contains the original raster data with multiple table attributes. For simple mapping applications, there is also a raster tile layer. This layer can be combined with the World Protected Areas Database to assess the types of ecosystems that are protected, and progress towards meeting conservation goals. The WDPA layer updates monthly from the United Nations Environment Programme. Analysis In order to leverage the optimization for analysis, the capability must be enabled by your ArcGIS organization administrator. More information on enabling this feature can be found in the ‘Regional data hosting’ section of this help doc. Optimized for analysis means this layer does not have size constraints for analysis and it is recommended for multisource analysis with other layers optimized for analysis. See the ArcGIS Living Atlas: Analysis-Optimized Imagery Layers Group for a complete list of imagery layers optimized for analysis. Developing the World Terrestrial Ecosystems World Terrestrial Ecosystems map was produced by adopting and modifying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approach on the definition of Terrestrial Ecosystems and development of standardized global climate regions using the values of environmental moisture regime and temperature regime. We then combined the values of Global Climate Regions, Landforms and matrix-forming vegetation assemblage or land use, using the ArcGIS Combine tool (Spatial Analyst) to produce World Ecosystems Dataset. This combination resulted of 431 World Ecosystems classes. Each combination was assigned a color using an algorithm that blended traditional color schemes for each of the three components. Every pixel in this map is symbolized by a combination of values for each of these fields. The work from this collaboration is documented in the publication: Sayre et al. 2020. An assessment of the representation of ecosystems in global protected areas using new maps of World Climate Regions and World Ecosystems - Global Ecology and Conservation More information about World Terrestrial Ecosystems can be found in this Story Map.全球陆地生态系统地图（World Terrestrial Ecosystems map）将全球划分为气候、地貌与土地覆被特征相似的区域，而这些要素是构成所有陆地生态系统结构的基本组分。 该地图的核心优势在于，其采用客观衍生且全球统一的数据集，以相较于现有生态分区更精细的空间分辨率（250米）刻画生态系统，同时相较于现有全球土地覆被产品，拥有更细致的主题分辨率（共计431个分类）。本数据集已于2023年4月14日完成更新，新增区分陆地生态系统中的寒带（Boreal）与极地（Polar）气候区。 ### 元数据信息 像元尺寸：250米 源类型：专题数据 像素类型：16位无符号整型 数据投影：GCS WGS84 覆盖范围：全球 数据来源：美国地质调查局（USGS）、大自然保护协会（The Nature Conservancy）、Esri公司 更新周期：无 分析适配性：分析优化型 ### 图层功能 该图层可实现以下应用场景： 1. 查询功能：可查询地表像元，获取该位置对应的所有输入参数（地貌类型、土地覆被/植被类型、气候区）数值以及陆地生态系统名称； 2. 多尺度分析：可应用于全球及区域尺度的分析工作。针对大规模空间分析场景，我们还提供了包含多表格属性的原始栅格数据的ArcGIS Pro安装包；针对简易制图应用，则配套提供了栅格瓦片图层； 3. 保护评估：可与世界保护地数据库（World Protected Areas Database）结合使用，用于评估受保护生态系统的类型，以及测算保护目标的达成进度。世界保护地数据库图层由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）按月更新。 ### 分析适配说明 为启用分析优化功能，需由你的ArcGIS组织管理员完成配置。关于该功能的启用详情，可查阅本文档「区域数据托管」章节。 分析优化型图层指该图层在分析过程中无尺寸限制，推荐与其他分析优化型图层开展多源融合分析。如需查看所有分析优化型影像图层的完整列表，可访问ArcGIS生活地图集：分析优化型影像图层群组（ArcGIS Living Atlas: Analysis-Optimized Imagery Layers Group）。 ### 研发背景与流程 全球陆地生态系统地图参考并改进了政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）关于陆地生态系统的定义方法，基于环境湿度状况与温度状况参数构建标准化全球气候区。随后，我们借助ArcGIS空间分析工具（Spatial Analyst）中的合并工具（Combine tool），将全球气候区、地貌以及基质型植被群落或土地利用类型参数进行融合，最终生成全球生态系统数据集，共计431个全球生态系统分类单元。 我们通过算法融合三类组分的传统配色方案，为每一类组合分配专属配色；本地图中的每个像元均通过上述三类字段的数值组合进行符号化展示。 该合作成果已发表于学术论文：Sayre等人，2020年。《利用全球气候区与生态系统新地图评估全球保护地中的生态系统占比》，刊载于《Global Ecology and Conservation》期刊。 如需获取全球陆地生态系统地图的更多详情，可访问本故事地图（Story Map）。