CHAIR - India Annual 1km x 1km Modeled PM2.5 2008 - 2022

The work is led and coordinated centrally through the Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (PI Petter Ljungman) in close collaboration with the Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Delhi, India (PI Dorairaj Prabhakaran), Centre for Health Analytics Research and Trends, Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University (PI Poornima Prabhakaran) and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health (PI Joel Schwartz). We developed a model for annual average ambient PM2.5 between 2008 and 2020 based on monitoring data, meteorology, land use, satellite observations, and emissions inventories. Annual average predictions at each 1 km × 1 km grid from each learner were ensembled using a Gaussian process regression with anisotropic smoothing over spatial coordinates, and regression calibration was used to account for exposure error.