Daphnia responds to chemical cues released by fish with adaptive changes in behavior (DVM), morphology, and life history traits, e. g. a reduction in size at first reproduction (SFR). For cyprinid fis
By sensing environmental cues indicative of pathogens or herbivores, plants can “prime” appropriate defenses and deploy faster, stronger responses to subsequent attack. Such priming presumably entails
Many microbes cooperatively secrete extracellular products that favorably modify their environment. Consistent with social evolution theory, structured habitats play a role in maintaining these traits