Death from Cardiovascular Disease

This data is included as part of the Environmental Health Disparities Version 3.0 map. To see this map, visit our webpage. For more technical information on this map and the model used, visit our Environmental Health Disparities Map Report Version 3.0. Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Washington state. Cardiovascular diseases are caused by heart muscles and vessels narrowing or being blocked. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include: Air pollution Diet Exercise Smoking High blood pressure Diabetes People with cardiovascular disease experience greater loss of life when exposed to pollution. Historically minoritized populations are the most impacted by this because they experience more heart disease. Non-Hispanic Black people experience the highest rates of cardiovascular disease. Evidence Long-term exposure to pollution reduces life expectancy in people with cardiovascular disease [1]. People with heart disease have a higher risk of death when exposed to pollution [2, 3]. Short-term exposure to air pollution is linked to acute coronary events [4, 5]. Survivors of acute coronary events have a higher death rate when exposed to higher levels of air pollution [6]. Non-Hispanic Black people face the highest cardiovascular disease death rates [7]. Data source Washington State Department of Health, Center for Health Statistics, death certificate data Methods This measure uses cardiovascular disease death data from DOH’s Center for Health Statistics. The Center for Health Statistics collects information on the deaths of Washington state residents from their death certificates. It includes the deaths of Washington state residents that died in other states or in Canada. A medical provider or examiner determines the underlying cause of death and records it on the death certificate. The underlying cause of death is the disease or injury that started the course of events that led directly to death. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases include major cardiovascular diseases, which is a group of the 113 selected causes of death list from the National Center for Health Statistics. This group of causes of death includes codes 100-178 from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. This measure shows the age-adjusted rate of deaths per 100,000 people due to cardiovascular disease. We use the age-adjusted rate to account for differences in population age. Older people are more likely to experience cardiovascular events, and communities have different age distributions. Age-adjusted rates ensure that the differences we see between communities are not due to differences in the ages of their populations. Caveats Not everyone with cardiovascular disease dies from it. Therefore, death data underestimates the true population with heart disease. This measure serves as a proxy for the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The Center for Health Statistics estimates that death certificate data is 99% complete. Sources Brook, R., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, A., Brook, J., Bhatnagar, A., Diez-Roux, A., et al. (2010). Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 121(21), 2331-78. Bateson, T., & Schwartz, J. (2004). Who is sensitive to the effects of particulate air pollution on mortality? A case-crossover analysis of effect modifiers. Epidemiology, 15(2), 143-9. Chen, H., Burnett, R., Copes, R., Kwong, J., Villeneuve, P., Goldberg, M., et al. (2016). Ambient fine particulate matter and mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: population-based cohort study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(9), 1421-8. Pope, C., Muhlestein, J., May, H., Renlund, D., Anderson, J., & Horne, B. (2006). Ischemic heart disease events triggered by short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Circulation, 114(23), 2443-8. Von Klot, S., Gryparis, A., Tonne, C., Yanosky, J., Coull, B., Goldberg, R., et al. (2009). Elemental carbon exposure at residence and survival after acute myocardial infarction. Epidemiology, 20(4), 547-54. Berglind, N., Bellander, T., Forastiere, F., Von Klot, S., Aalto, P., Elosua, R., et al. (2009). Ambient air pollution and daily mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction. Epidemiology, 20(1), 110-8. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2019). Spotlight, Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Heart Disease. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Heart Disease. Citation Washington Tracking Network, Washington State Department of Health. Web. "Death from Cardiovascular Disease". Data obtained from the Washington State Department of Health, Center for Health Statistics, 2019-2023 Death Certificate Data. Published September 2025.本数据集为《环境卫生差异（Environmental Health Disparities）3.0版》地图集的组成部分。若需查看该地图集，请访问我方官方网页；若需获取该地图集及所用模型的更多技术细节，请查阅《环境卫生差异地图报告3.0版》。 ## 背景 心血管疾病（Cardiovascular disease）是华盛顿州居民的首要致死病因。心血管疾病由心肌与血管狭窄或阻塞引发。其危险因素包括：空气污染、饮食结构、运动习惯、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病。心血管疾病患者暴露于污染环境时，会面临更高的死亡风险。历史上长期处于少数群体地位的人群受此影响最为严重，因为他们本身的心血管疾病患病率更高。非西班牙裔黑人群体的心血管疾病死亡率居于所有群体之首。 ## 证据 长期暴露于污染环境会缩短心血管疾病患者的预期寿命[1]。心血管疾病患者暴露于污染环境时，死亡风险显著升高[2, 3]。短期暴露于空气污染与急性冠脉事件存在关联[4, 5]。急性冠脉事件幸存者若暴露于更高浓度的空气污染，其死亡率会进一步上升[6]。非西班牙裔黑人群体的心血管疾病死亡率最高[7]。 ## 数据来源 华盛顿州卫生部（Washington State Department of Health）卫生统计中心，死亡证明数据 ## 研究方法 本统计指标采用华盛顿州卫生部卫生统计中心的心血管疾病死亡数据。卫生统计中心通过死亡证明收集华盛顿州居民的死亡信息，涵盖在其他州或加拿大境内死亡的华盛顿州居民。由医疗人员或验尸官确定死亡的根本原因，并记录于死亡证明中。死亡根本原因指引发一系列直接导致死亡事件的疾病或损伤。心血管疾病死亡包含主要心血管疾病类别，该类别对应美国国家卫生统计中心（National Center for Health Statistics）选定的113种死亡原因列表，涵盖国际疾病分类第十次修订版（International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision）中编码为100-178的疾病。本统计指标展示每10万人口中心血管疾病死亡的年龄标准化率。我们采用年龄标准化率以消除人口年龄结构差异的影响。老年人群更易发生心血管事件，且不同社区的人口年龄分布存在差异。年龄标准化率可确保我们观测到的社区间差异并非源于人口年龄结构的不同。 ## 局限性 并非所有心血管疾病患者都会死于该病，因此死亡数据会低估实际患病人群规模。本统计指标可作为心血管疾病患病率的替代指标。卫生统计中心估计，死亡证明数据的完整率可达99%。 ## 参考文献 [1] Brook, R., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, A., Brook, J., Bhatnagar, A., Diez-Roux, A., et al. (2010). 细颗粒物空气污染与心血管疾病：美国心脏协会（American Heart Association）科学声明更新. 《循环》, 121(21), 2331-2378. [2] Bateson, T., & Schwartz, J. (2004). 哪些人群对细颗粒物空气污染所致死亡效应更为敏感？效应修饰因子的病例交叉分析. 《流行病学》, 15(2), 143-149. [3] Chen, H., Burnett, R., Copes, R., Kwong, J., Villeneuve, P., Goldberg, M., et al. (2016). 心肌梗死幸存者的环境细颗粒物暴露与死亡率：基于人群的队列研究. 《环境健康展望》, 124(9), 1421-1428. [4] Pope, C., Muhlestein, J., May, H., Renlund, D., Anderson, J., & Horne, B. (2006). 短期暴露于细颗粒物空气污染诱发缺血性心脏病事件. 《循环》, 114(23), 2443-2448. [5] Von Klot, S., Gryparis, A., Tonne, C., Yanosky, J., Coull, B., Goldberg, R., et al. (2009). 住宅元素碳暴露与急性心肌梗死后生存率的关联. 《流行病学》, 20(4), 547-554. [6] Berglind, N., Bellander, T., Forastiere, F., Von Klot, S., Aalto, P., Elosua, R., et al. (2009). 心肌梗死幸存者的空气污染暴露与每日死亡率. 《流行病学》, 20(1), 110-118. [7] 美国疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control, CDC）. (2019). 专题报道：心脏病的种族与民族差异. 心脏病的种族与民族差异. ## 引用信息 华盛顿追踪网络（Washington Tracking Network）, 华盛顿州卫生部. 网络资源. "心血管疾病死亡". 数据来源于华盛顿州卫生部卫生统计中心2019-2023年死亡证明数据. 发布于2025年9月.