Incidence of select pathogens found to have an association with ARI case status, western Kenya. March 1, 2007,-February 28, 2010.

aThe pathogen-attributable fraction (PAF) is calculated as (OR-1)/OR using viral prevalence data from cases and controls. For pneumococcus, AFE was assumed to be 1.bThe percentage of ARI was adjusted for the PAF and then adjusted for the prevalence among inpatients and outpatients for each pathogen at Lwak hospital and the percentage of ARI cases in the community who were seen in clinics as inpatients and outpatients (see methods).cOnly persons with complete testing for S. pneumoniae including blood culture and urine antigen testing were used to calculate the percent of ARI due to S. pneumoniae.