A 0.05-degree resolution dataset of carbon-water fluxes for the drylands of northern China from 1900 to 2100 based on the optimized Biome-BGC model

This novel dataset, based on an optimized Biome-BGC model, simulates carbon and water fluxes in the arid ecosystem of Northern China. It encompasses historical data from 1990 to 2014 and incorporates projections under different scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585) for the period 2015–2100. The dataset provides reliable long-term estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and net primary productivity (NPP) for China's arid regions, including diurnal variation patterns. This facilitates research related to ecosystem functional traits, global carbon cycling, and hydrological processes.The dataset offers daily estimates of GPP, ET, and NPP across the arid areas of Northern China from 1990 to 2100, at a spatial resolution of 0.05° and covering the extent of 75°E–125°E, 32°N–53°N. Data are provided in NetCDF4 format. Units for GPP and NPP are expressed in grams of carbon per square meter per day (kg C/m²/day), while ET is given in millimeters per day (mm/day).