Amitosis confers benefits of sex in the absence of sex to Tetrahymena

Contents: README.md Markdown file containing this description. diploid_amitosis.nb Mathematica notebook containing the analysis of equilibrium mean fitness under amitosis in diploids shown in appendix A. var_fitness.nb Mathematica notebook containing the analysis of the effect of amitosis on the variance in fitness summarized in equations 6 and 7. determin.nb Mathematica notebook containing the analysis of the deterministic benefit of amitosis shown in figure 2. muller.ipynb Jupyter notebook that generates figure 3. muller.csv Data from stochastic simulations used to generate figure 3. The data consist of changes in fitness in stochastic evolutionary simulations under different modes of reproduction, ploidies, and population sizes. We assumed \(L=100\) fitness loci, a genomic deleterious mutation rate of \(U_d=0.1\) per generation, that mutations have a deleterious effect of \(s_d=–0.1\) in a homozygous state, and that, initially, all individuals are unmutated. The file contains 6 columns: mode mode of reproduction (“Mito” or “Amito”). ploidy (2- or 45-ploid). N population size (10, 100, 1K, or 10K). t time (generation). fit_mean mean fitness of a population (mean of 100 replicate populations). fit_ci 95% confidence interval on the mean fitness (based on 100 replicate populations). sex.ipynb Jupyter notebook that generates figure 4 showing that the benefit of amitosis is similar to that of sex. sex.csv data from stochastic simulations used to generate figure 4. The data consist of changes in fitness in stochastic evolutionary simulations under different modes of reproduction and mutational parameters. We assumed \(L=100\) fitness loci, a genomic deleterious mutation rate of \(U_d=0.1\) per generation, that mutations have a deleterious effect of \(s_d=–0.1\) in a homozygous state, and that, initially, all individuals are unmutated. The file contains 5 columns: mode mode of reproduction (“Mito”, “Amito”, “Sex (tau=1)”, or “Sex (tau=100)”). N population size (20 or 1K). ben whether beneficial mutations occur (if True, the beneficial mutation rate was \(U_b=0.001\) and the beneficial effect of a mutation was \(s_b=0.1\) in a homozygous state). t time (generation). fit_mean mean fitness of a population (mean of 500 replicate populations). fit_ci 95% confidence interval on the mean fitness (based on 500 replicate populations).