Changes of dietary intake during the restrictions of Covid-19 pandemic

The global pandemic of Corona and its following restrictions in different countries led to changes in people's lifestyles, including food and dietary intakes. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the current evidence about changes in dietary intakes of adults during the COVID-19 period compared to pre time. The PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched according to a structured search strategy since November 2019 to January 2022. This study (PROSPERO: CRD42022313653) followed the PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied for assessing the risk of bias of included observational studies. Out of 49,453 studies were retrieved, 29 of them were included in meta-analysis and systematic review sections, then changes in dietary intakes (including both the frequency and the amount of consumption) were categorized in to two time periods; during the COVID-19 pandemic and during the lockdown. Energy, carbohydrate, fat and fiber intake decreased significantly during Corona restriction (CI: -389.79, -32.08 Kcal/day, CI: -72.11, -25.43 g/day, CI: -16.25, -6.09 g/day and CI: -9.00, -3.70 g/day, respectively). There was a non-significant reduction in energy, carbohydrate, fat and fiber intake during Corona Lockdown. Protein intake decreased significantly during Corona restriction (CI: -38.38, -9.59 g/day) and also during the lockdown (CI: -39.09, -2.73 g/day). Fruit intake increased significantly during Corona restriction (CI: 0.07, 0.23 g/day). There was a significant increase in vegetables intake during Corona Lockdown (CI: 7.07, 19.34 g/day). Dairy intake increased non-significantly during Corona restriction and Lockdown periods.

全球新冠疫情及其随后的各国限制措施，引发了人们生活方式的改变，包括食物和饮食习惯。本研究旨在通过系统综述和荟萃分析，探讨新冠疫情期间成年人饮食习惯变化的现有证据，并与疫情前时期进行比较。自2019年11月至2022年1月，根据结构化搜索策略，对PubMed、Scopus、Google Scholar和Web of Science进行了检索。本研究（PROSPERO: CRD42022313653）遵循PRISMA指南。应用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）对纳入的观察性研究的偏倚风险进行评估。从49,453项研究中筛选出29项纳入荟萃分析和系统综述部分，将饮食习惯的变化（包括消费频率和数量）分为两个时期：新冠疫情期间和封锁期间。在新冠限制期间，能量、碳水化合物、脂肪和纤维的摄入量显著下降（置信区间：-389.79至-32.08千卡/天，-72.11至-25.43克/天，-16.25至-6.09克/天和-9.00至-3.70克/天，分别）。在新冠封锁期间，能量、碳水化合物、脂肪和纤维的摄入量有所下降，但无统计学差异。蛋白质摄入量在新冠限制期间显著下降（置信区间：-38.38至-9.59克/天），在封锁期间也显著下降（置信区间：-39.09至-2.73克/天）。水果摄入量在新冠限制期间显著增加（置信区间：0.07至0.23克/天）。在新冠封锁期间，蔬菜摄入量显著增加（置信区间：7.07至19.34克/天）。在新冠限制和封锁期间，乳制品摄入量无显著增加。