HiWATER: Dataset of hydro-meteorological observation network (automatic weather station of Dashalong station, 2017)

The data set contains the observation data of meteorological elements from the Dashalong Station,,which is located along the upper reaches of the Heihe Hydro-meteorological Observation Network, and the data set covers data from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The station is located in Shalong Beach area on the west side of Qilian County, Qinghai Province. The underlying surface is swamp meadow. The latitude and longitude of the observation point is 98.9406E, 38.8399N, and the altitude is 3739m. The air temperature and relative humidity sensors are erected 5 meters above the ground, facing North; the barometer is installed in the pick-proof box on the ground; the tipping bucket rain gauge is erected 10 meters above the ground; the wind speed and direction sensor is set 10 meters above the ground, facing North; the four-component radiometer is installed 6 meters above the ground, facing South; two infrared thermometers are installed 6 meters above the ground, facing South, and the probe orientation is vertical downward; the soil temperature probes are buried respectively at 0cm on the ground surface, 4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm and 160cm under the ground, they are located 2 meters from the meteorological tower in the South; the soil moisture sensors are buried 4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm and 160cm under the ground, 2 meters from the meteorological tower in the South; the soil heat flow boards (3 pieces) are buried 6cm under the ground, 2 meters from the meteorological tower in the South. Observed items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m) (unit: Celsius, percentage), air pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascal), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), wind speed (WS_10m) (unit: meter / sec), wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: degree), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watt / square meter), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: Celsius) , soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watt / square meter), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: Celsius), soil moisture (Ms_4cm , Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: volumetric water content, percentage).Processing and quality control of observation data: (1) Ensure 144 data per day (every 10 minutes), if there is missing data, it is marked as -6999. (2) Eliminate moments with duplicate records; (3) Remove data that is significantly beyond physical meaning or beyond the measuring range of the instrument; (4) Data marked by red is debatable; (5) The formats of the date and time are uniform, and the date and time are in the same column. For example, the time is: 2017-9-10 10:30; (6) The naming rule is: AWS + site name.For hydro-meteorological network or site information, please refer to Liu et al. (2018). For observation data processing, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).

本数据集收录了位于黑河水文气象观测网络上游的达浪站所观测的气象要素观测数据，数据覆盖自2017年1月1日至2017年12月31日。达浪站坐落于青海省祁连县西部的沙浪海滩区域，地表为湿地草甸。观测点的经纬度为98.9406E，38.8399N，海拔高度为3739米。空气温度和相对湿度传感器置于离地面5米处，朝向北方；气压计安装在防震箱内，位于地面；倾斗式雨量计立于地面10米高处；风速和风向传感器设置于地面10米处，朝向北方；四分量辐射仪安装在地面6米高处，朝向南方；两台红外温度计亦安装在地面6米高处，朝向南方，探头方向垂直向下；土壤温度探头分别埋置于地面0cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm处，位于气象塔南侧2米处；土壤湿度传感器同样埋置于地面4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm处，位于气象塔南侧2米处；土壤热流量板（共3块）埋置于地面6cm深处，位于气象塔南侧2米处。观测项目包括：空气温度与湿度（Ta_5m，RH_5m）（单位：摄氏度，百分比）、气压（Press）（单位：百帕）、降水量（Rain）（单位：毫米）、风速（WS_10m）（单位：米/秒）、风向（WD_10m）（单位：度）、四分量辐射（DR，UR，DLR_Cor，ULR_Cor，Rn）（单位：瓦/平方米）、地表辐射温度（IRT_1，IRT_2）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤热流量（Gs_1，Gs_2，Gs_3）（单位：瓦/平方米）、土壤温度（Ts_0cm，Ts_4cm，Ts_10cm，Ts_20cm，Ts_40cm，Ts_80cm，Ts_120cm，Ts_160cm）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤湿度（Ms_4cm，Ms_10cm，Ms_20cm，Ms_40cm，Ms_80cm，Ms_120cm，Ms_160cm）（单位：体积水含量，百分比）。观测数据的处理与质量控制包括：（1）确保每日144条数据（每10分钟一次），如遇数据缺失，则标记为-6999；（2）消除重复记录的时刻；（3）移除明显超出物理意义或超出仪器测量范围的异常数据；（4）标记为红色的数据存在争议；（5）日期与时间的格式统一，日期与时间位于同一列；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。有关水文气象网络或站点信息，请参阅刘等（2018）的研究。观测数据处理方法请参考刘等（2011）的研究。